Patients younger than 60 years with patent foramen ovale (PFO)-related stroke who have both an atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) and a large shunt benefit stand to benefit more from PFO closure than those ...

For permission requests, please contact NEJM Reprints at [email protected] The shunt equation may be expressed as follows 9: where Q = total cardiac output in liters per minute; Qs = shunt flow in ...

What Is a VP Shunt? A ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is a narrow plastic tube that drains excess cerebrospinal fluid into your abdomen (belly). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protects your brain by acting ...

Millions of people worldwide suffer from hydrocephalus, or a buildup of excess cerebrospinal fluid in the brain, and which recently received greater attention when Billy Joel announced his diagnosis.