Bessel functions, central to many problems in mathematical physics, provide solutions to differential equations that describe wave propagation, heat conduction and vibrations in cylindrical or ...

Moreover, the BGb profiles operated at wavelength range from 1500 nm to 1630 nm are obtained. The spatial distribution of the light intensity follows the first kind of Bessel function. Last but not ...

The Bessel beam, with a significant depth of field and self-healing characteristics, has been applied in widespread applications, including quantum entanglement, underwater 3D imaging, optical ...