No audio available for this content. More satellites, more constellations, more multi-frequency receivers — they all drive greater achievable accuracy. But they also raise the requirements on GNSS ...

Last year the FCC changed its rules to make it significantly easier for FM radio broadcasters to verify their directional patterns. The report and order gives FM and low-power FM applicants using ...

A controlled radiated pattern antenna can be an effective way to protect GPS receivers against jamming. A new CRPA, composed of seven elements, works on the E5a, E5b, E6, L2, and L1 bandwidths. This ...

Peter Delos, Technical Lead, Bob Broughton, Director of Engineering and Jon Kraft, Senior Staff Field Applications Engineer, all with Analog Devices. With the proliferation of digital phased arrays in ...

The authors are president and vice president, respectively, of Communications Technologies Inc., a consultancy in Marlton, N.J. Fig. 1: Measured vertical (purple) and horizontal (blue) field strength ...

In Part 1, we introduced the phased array concept, beam steering and array gain. In Part 2, we presented the concept of grating lobes and beam squint. In this section, we begin with a discussion of ...

The classic horn antenna undergoes some tough analysis and emerges with improvements that increase the frequency band to 3 GHz. The dual-ridged horn antenna (DRHA) is a workhorse in EMC and antenna ...