How Hoplite Warfare actually Worked Hoplite warfare was based on heavily armored infantry known as hoplites, who fought in tight formations called phalanxes. Armed with long spears (sarissas), short swords, and shields (hoplons), soldiers formed a dense, shield-to-shield line. The key to success was maintaining formation, as the hoplites’ overlapping shields protected them from enemy attack. Phalanx battles focused on pushing and breaking the enemy line, with the goal of enveloping or outflankin